Butyric acid from Wikipedia
"Butyrate Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Intestinal Cells and Crohn's Mucosa through Modulation of Antioxidant Defense Machinery" in PLoS ONE (2012)
"Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CrD). High levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) induce the activation of the redox-sensitive nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB), which in turn triggers the inflammatory mediators. Butyrate decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by the lamina propria mononuclear cells in CrD patients via inhibition of NF-κB activation, but how it reduces inflammation is still unclear. ... In conclusion, butyrate rescues the redox machinery and controls the intracellular ROS balance thus switching off EC-LPS induced inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells and in CrD colonic mucosa."
"Butyric Acid: an Ancient Controller of Metabolism, Inflammation and Stress Resistance" from Whole Health Source, Ancestral Nutrition and Health, Stephen Guyenet (2009)
See also my post entitled "Does butter improve Crohn's symptoms?"
Showing posts with label butyrate. Show all posts
Showing posts with label butyrate. Show all posts
26.10.11
Does butter improve Crohn's symptoms?
"How To Make Butter" from Food Renegade
"Is Butter Healthy? Part One: Butyric Acid Benefits" from The Nourished Life
"Is Butter Healthy? Part Two: Vitamin A Benefits" from The Nourished Life
"Is Butter Healthy? Part Three: Vitamin K2 Benefits" from The Nourished Life
Omega-3 fatty acid from Wikipedia
"In 2006 a study was published in the Journal of Dairy Science entitled "The Linear Relationship between the Proportion of Fresh Grass in the Cow Diet, Milk Fatty Acid Composition, and Butter Properties". It was found that grass fed butter contains substantially more CLA, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and omega-3 fatty acids than butter from cows raised in factory farms or that have limited access to pasture. It was also found that the softer the butter, the more fresh pasture in the cow’s diet. Cows that get all their nutrients from grass have the softest butterfat of all."
4.7.11
How does dysbiosis influence Crohn's?
"Dysbiosis of the faecal microbiota in patients with Crohn's disease and their unaffected relatives" in Gut (2011)
"Results Five bacterial species characterised dysbiosis in CD, namely a decrease in Dialister invisus (p=0.04), an uncharacterised species of Clostridium cluster XIVa (p=0.03),Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (p<1.3×10−5) and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (p=5.4×10−6), and an increase in Ruminococcus gnavus (p=2.1×10−7). Unaffected relatives of patients with CD had less Collinsella aerofaciens (p=0.004) and a member of the Escherichia coli–Shigella group (p=0.01) and more Ruminococcus torques (p=0.02) in their predominant microbiota as compared with healthy subjects."
"Intestinal homeostasis and its breakdown in inflammatory bowel disease" in Nature (2011)
"A growing body of evidence suggests that IBD is associated with an imbalance in the composition of the intestinal bacterial microbiota, termed dysbiosis2, 95. Patients with IBD, particularly those with Crohn's disease, have alterations in the gut microbiota, with reduced diversity in major phyla, such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and increased numbers of Enterobacteriaceae2, 95. A key unresolved issue is whether dysbiosis represents a primary or secondary predisposing factor for IBD, as it may be related to, or compounded by, other defects. Recent studies have indicated that dysbiosis is influenced both by the host genotype, such as the presence of NOD2- or ATG16L1-susceptibility alleles96, and by IBD phenotype, with patients with ileal Crohn's disease showing the most pronounced changes97. It is interesting that core commensals belonging to the Clostridiales order, such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, were significantly reduced in patients with ileal Crohn's disease96, 97. These genera are potent sources of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, that have been shown to have protective effects in mouse colitis models98. In addition, clostridial groups IV (which includes Faecalibacterium) and XIVa were recently shown to promote the accumulation of FOXP3+ Treg cells in the mouse colon80. Dietary factors may also affect microbiota composition, leading to alterations in intestinal immune homeostasis98."
"Gut and Psychology Syndrome (GAP Syndrome or GAPS)" from Dr. N. Campbell McBride from Gut and Psychology Syndrome
"Well-functioning gut flora is the right hand of our immune system. The beneficial bacteria in the gut ensure appropriate production of different immune cells, immunoglobulins and other parts of the immunity. But most importantly they keep the immune system in the right balance. What typically happens in a person with gut dysbiosis is that two major arms of their immune system Th1 and Th2 get out of balance with underactive Th1 and overactive Th2. As a result the immune system starts reacting to most environmental stimuli in an allergic or atopic kind of way."
"Th1/Th2 Balance: A Natural Therapeutic Approach To Th2 Polarization In Allergy, A Summary" By Tom Sult, M.D. from Meta-eHealth.com
"Results Five bacterial species characterised dysbiosis in CD, namely a decrease in Dialister invisus (p=0.04), an uncharacterised species of Clostridium cluster XIVa (p=0.03),Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (p<1.3×10−5) and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (p=5.4×10−6), and an increase in Ruminococcus gnavus (p=2.1×10−7). Unaffected relatives of patients with CD had less Collinsella aerofaciens (p=0.004) and a member of the Escherichia coli–Shigella group (p=0.01) and more Ruminococcus torques (p=0.02) in their predominant microbiota as compared with healthy subjects."
"Intestinal homeostasis and its breakdown in inflammatory bowel disease" in Nature (2011)
"A growing body of evidence suggests that IBD is associated with an imbalance in the composition of the intestinal bacterial microbiota, termed dysbiosis2, 95. Patients with IBD, particularly those with Crohn's disease, have alterations in the gut microbiota, with reduced diversity in major phyla, such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and increased numbers of Enterobacteriaceae2, 95. A key unresolved issue is whether dysbiosis represents a primary or secondary predisposing factor for IBD, as it may be related to, or compounded by, other defects. Recent studies have indicated that dysbiosis is influenced both by the host genotype, such as the presence of NOD2- or ATG16L1-susceptibility alleles96, and by IBD phenotype, with patients with ileal Crohn's disease showing the most pronounced changes97. It is interesting that core commensals belonging to the Clostridiales order, such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, were significantly reduced in patients with ileal Crohn's disease96, 97. These genera are potent sources of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, that have been shown to have protective effects in mouse colitis models98. In addition, clostridial groups IV (which includes Faecalibacterium) and XIVa were recently shown to promote the accumulation of FOXP3+ Treg cells in the mouse colon80. Dietary factors may also affect microbiota composition, leading to alterations in intestinal immune homeostasis98."
"Gut and Psychology Syndrome (GAP Syndrome or GAPS)" from Dr. N. Campbell McBride from Gut and Psychology Syndrome
"Well-functioning gut flora is the right hand of our immune system. The beneficial bacteria in the gut ensure appropriate production of different immune cells, immunoglobulins and other parts of the immunity. But most importantly they keep the immune system in the right balance. What typically happens in a person with gut dysbiosis is that two major arms of their immune system Th1 and Th2 get out of balance with underactive Th1 and overactive Th2. As a result the immune system starts reacting to most environmental stimuli in an allergic or atopic kind of way."
"Th1/Th2 Balance: A Natural Therapeutic Approach To Th2 Polarization In Allergy, A Summary" By Tom Sult, M.D. from Meta-eHealth.com
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