Does increasing apigenin improve Crohn's symptoms?

Apigenin from Wikipedia

"Apigenin (4’,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), found in many plants, is a natural product belonging to the flavone class that is the aglycone of several naturally-occurring glycosides. It is a yellow crystalline solid that has been used to dye wool. Apigenin may contribute to the chemopreventive action of vegetables and fruits.[2] It was recently shown that apigenin induces a process called autophagia (a kind of cellular dormancy) that may well explain its chemopreventive properties, but at the same time it induces resistance against chemotherapy.[3] Apigenin is a potent inhibitor of CYP2C9,[4] an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of many pharmaceutical drugs in the body."

"Anti-inflammatory activity of structurally related flavonoids,Apigenin, Luteolin and Fisetin" in International Immunopharmacology (2011)

"Flavonoids are widely distributed in many fruits and plants, and it has been shown that most flavonoids have anti-inflammatory activity; however, the mechanisms of how the flavonoids exhibit their anti-inflammatory activity have not been clarified. We therefore focus on flavonoids Apigenin, Luteolin and Fisetin because of their related structure. We found that these compounds significantly inhibited TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activation; however, they had no effect on the degradation of IκB proteins and the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of NF-κB p65 [IFDR1]."

"Flavonoids exert distinct modulatory actions on cyclooxygenase 2 and NF-κB in an intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC18)" in British Journal of Pharacology (2010)
"Apigenin exhibited an apparent trend for higher induction of COX-2 at 100 µM,..."

Does polyphenol supplementation improve Crohn's symptoms?

Polyphenol from Wikipedia

Antioxidant effect of polyphenols and natural phenols from Wikipedia

"Polyphenol Supplementation as a Complementary Medicinal Approach to Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease" in Current Medicinal Chemistry (2011)
"Polyphenols have been acknowledged to be anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory and therefore, have been proposed as an alternative natural approach to prevent or treat chronic inflammatory diseases. Most studies have been in animal models of colitis, using chemical inducers or mice defective in anti-inflammatory mediators and in intestinal cell lines treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines or lipid oxidation products.
These studies provide evidence that polyphenols can effectively modulate intestinal inflammation. They exert their effects by modulating cell signaling pathways, mainly activated in response to oxidative and inflammatory stimuli, and NF-kB is the principal downstream effector. Polyphenols may thus be considered able to prevent or delay the progression of IBD, especially because they reach higher concentrations in the gut than in other tissues. However, knowledge of the use of polyphenols in managing human IBD is still scanty, and further clinical studies should afford more solid evidence of their beneficial effects."

"Use of dietary phenols to modulate inflammatory bowel response" in Gastroenterol Hepatol (2010)

"Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Genetic and environmental factors influencing the onset and course of this disease have recently been identified. Among the environmental and dietary factors involved in the development of inflammatory colon diseases, dietary polyphenols have been proposed as protective agents in distinct models of colon inflammation. However, despite the huge number of studies on the beneficial effects of polyphenols on health, their dietary effectiveness is unclear. In this review, we examine some of the evidence linking dietary polyphenol intake with protection against IBD."

Are resveratol and curcumin a dynamic duo?

"Curcumin and resveratrol inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated cytokine expression in adipocytes" in Nutrition and Metabolism (2008) [full article]

"Curcumin and resveratrol treatment inhibited NF-κB activation and resulted in a reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2 gene expression (IC50 = 2 μM) and a reduction of secreted IL-6 and PGE2 (IC50 ~ 20 μM).
...
Curcumin and resveratrol are able to inhibit TNFα-activated NF-κB signaling in adipocytes and as a result significantly reduce cytokine expression. These data suggest that curcumin and resveratrol may provide a novel and safe approach to reduce or inhibit the chronic inflammatory properties of adipose tissue.
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Both polyphenols have relatively short half-lives in vivo as they are rapidly metabolized to their glucuronide and sulfated forms. These metabolites, readily found in the circulation, typically demonstrate very low cell permeability and questionable bioactivity when compared to their unmetabolized forms. In spite of these hurdles, the in vivo efficacies of curcumin and resveratrol have been reproducibly shown by numerous investigators. Many challenges lie ahead in order to systematically and quantitatively address the pharmacokinetics of these natural products. Immediate questions that need to be addressed to improve on in vivo efficacy include, 1) do the metabolites of curcumin and resveratrol have comparable bioactivity with the parent compounds, 2) does the circulating pool of metabolites represent a source of inhibitor that can be modified to their more active forms, and 3) can chemical substitutions be made to the base structures of curcumin and resveratrol making them more active and less susceptible to conjugation."