4.7.11

How does dysbiosis influence Crohn's?

"Dysbiosis of the faecal microbiota in patients with Crohn's disease and their unaffected relatives" in Gut (2011)
"Results Five bacterial species characterised dysbiosis in CD, namely a decrease in Dialister invisus (p=0.04), an uncharacterised species of Clostridium cluster XIVa (p=0.03),Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (p<1.3×10−5) and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (p=5.4×10−6), and an increase in Ruminococcus gnavus (p=2.1×10−7). Unaffected relatives of patients with CD had less Collinsella aerofaciens (p=0.004) and a member of the Escherichia coli–Shigella group (p=0.01) and more Ruminococcus torques (p=0.02) in their predominant microbiota as compared with healthy subjects."

"Intestinal homeostasis and its breakdown in inflammatory bowel disease" in Nature (2011)
"A growing body of evidence suggests that IBD is associated with an imbalance in the composition of the intestinal bacterial microbiota, termed dysbiosis2, 95. Patients with IBD, particularly those with Crohn's disease, have alterations in the gut microbiota, with reduced diversity in major phyla, such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and increased numbers of Enterobacteriaceae2, 95. A key unresolved issue is whether dysbiosis represents a primary or secondary predisposing factor for IBD, as it may be related to, or compounded by, other defects. Recent studies have indicated that dysbiosis is influenced both by the host genotype, such as the presence of NOD2- or ATG16L1-susceptibility alleles96, and by IBD phenotype, with patients with ileal Crohn's disease showing the most pronounced changes97. It is interesting that core commensals belonging to the Clostridiales order, such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, were significantly reduced in patients with ileal Crohn's disease96, 97. These genera are potent sources of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, that have been shown to have protective effects in mouse colitis models98. In addition, clostridial groups IV (which includes Faecalibacterium) and XIVa were recently shown to promote the accumulation of FOXP3+ Treg cells in the mouse colon80. Dietary factors may also affect microbiota composition, leading to alterations in intestinal immune homeostasis98."

"Gut and Psychology Syndrome (GAP Syndrome or GAPS)" from Dr. N. Campbell McBride from Gut and Psychology Syndrome
"Well-functioning gut flora is the right hand of our immune system. The beneficial bacteria in the gut ensure appropriate production of different immune cells, immunoglobulins and other parts of the immunity. But most importantly they keep the immune system in the right balance. What typically happens in a person with gut dysbiosis is that two major arms of their immune system Th1 and Th2 get out of balance with underactive Th1 and overactive Th2. As a result the immune system starts reacting to most environmental stimuli in an allergic or atopic kind of way."

"Th1/Th2 Balance: A Natural Therapeutic Approach To Th2 Polarization In Allergy, A Summary" By Tom Sult, M.D. from Meta-eHealth.com





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