Prebiotics from Wikipedia
Top ten foods: raw chicory root (64.6%), raw Jerusalem artichoke (31.5%), raw dandelion greens (24.3%), raw garlic (17.5%), raw leek (11.7%), raw onion (8.6%), cooked onion (5%), raw asparagus (5%), raw wheat bran (5%), whole wheat flour (4.8%), raw banana (1%)
red indicates a good that is unsuitable for a CD diet
"New Scientific Paradigms for Probiotics and Prebiotics" in Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology (2003)
"... defined by this group as non-digestible substances that provide a beneficial physiological effect on the host by selectively stimulating the favorable growth or activity of a limited number of indigenous bacteria. Prebiotics function complementary to, and possibly synergistically with, probiotics. Numerous studies are providing insights into the growth and metabolic influence of these microbial nutrients on health. Today, the science behind the function of probiotics and prebiotics still requires more stringent deciphering both scientifically and mechanistically. The explosion of publications and interest in probiotics and prebiotics has resulted in a body of collective research that points toward great promise. However, this research is spread among such a diversity of organisms, delivery vehicles (foods, pills, and supplements), and potential health targets such that general conclusions cannot easily be made. Nevertheless, this situation is rapidly changing on a number of important fronts. ...
Preliminary support that probiotics and prebiotics may be useful as intervention in conditions including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, allergy, cancer (especially colorectal cancer of which 75% are associated with diet), vaginal and urinary tract infections in women, kidney stone disease, mineral absorption, and infections caused by Helicobacter pylori is emerging. Some metabolites of microbes in the gut may also impact systemic conditions ranging from coronary heart disease to cognitive function, suggesting the possibility that exogenously applied microbes in the form of probiotics, or alteration of gut microecology with prebiotics, may be useful interventions even in these apparently disparate conditions. Beyond these direct intervention targets, probiotic cultures can also serve in expanded roles as live vehicles to deliver biologic agents (vaccines, enzymes, and proteins) to targeted locations within the body."
"Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fructo-oligosaccharides in active Crohn's disease" in Gut (2011)
"Conclusion: An adequately powered placebo-controlled trial of FOS showed no clinical benefit in patients with active Crohn's disease, despite impacting on DC (immunoregulatory dentrical cell) function." [emphasis mine]
"Prebiotic carbohydrates: not sweet yet for Crohn's disease?" in Gut (2011)
Commentary on "Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fructo-oligosaccharides in active Crohn's disease" in Gut (2011)
"The double-blind placebo controlled study performed by Benjamin et al 1 published in Gut ( in press ) shows that the daily consumption of 15 g fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) worsens the clinical signs of active Crohn's disease. The message for the clinician and the patient is clear: despite a strong rationale and hopes from open studies, 2 there is presently no evidence of efficacy of prebiotics in Crohn's disease. The same conclusion applies for probiotics and synbiotics. 3 However, one should avoid throwing the baby out with the bath water." [Emphases mine.]
"The Effects of an Oral Supplement Enriched With Fish Oil, Prebiotics, and Antioxidants on Nutrition Status in Crohn’s Disease Patients" in Nutrition in Clinical Practice (2011)
"Background: Research in the treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD) supports anti-inflammatory benefits of n-3 fatty acids from fish oil, prebiotics, and antioxidants. A nutritionally balanced inflammatory bowel disease nutrition formula (IBDNF) enriched with these compounds has the potential to improve nutrition status and disease activity in CD. ...Conclusions: IBDNF has the potential to deposit fat-free and fat mass, improve vitamin D status, and improve quality of life in CD patients."
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